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The Reformation




Christian websites in: Church History . The Reformation

  • Catholic Encyclopedia: The Reformation - A sharply critical look at the causes, spread, forms, and results of the Reformation, from the 1913 Catholic Encyclopedia. N.B.: does not necessarily represent current Catholic views.
  • Centre for Reformation and Renaissance Studies - At University of Toronto. Includes publications, events, bibliography, and links.
  • Champions of Truth: The Reformation - Features PDF etexts of J.A. Wylie's "History of Protestantism, Vol. 1"; Hagstotz's "Heroes of the Reformation", M'Crie's "The Life of John Knox"; D'Aubigne's "The Protector"; Wilkinson's "Truth Triumphant".
  • Creeds of Christendom - Creeds and Confessions of various denominations. In the context of this category, see especially the Lutheran and Reformed listings.
  • Discovery and Reformation - Several articles that provide a good overview of the people and events of the period.
  • Foxe's Book of Martyrs - Illustrated 1583 version of John Foxe's final edition
  • Fox's Book of Martyrs - Complete text, containing accounts of Protestant deaths in the 16th century.
  • Fox's Book of Martyrs - Etext of book spanning all of Christian history, but centered on Protestant victims of persecution.
  • The History of Protestantism - A three volume work by James A. Wylie that covers the beginnings of Christianity to the Reformation in Great Britain in 1688.
  • The History of the Reformation - A short history by R. C. Sproul
  • Internet Modern History Sourcebook: Reformation Europe - Extensive collection of brief documents and excerpts; links.
  • The Magisterial Reformation - A page of links to magisterial reformers such as Luther, Zwingli and Calvin, so called because their movements were supported by magistrates. The page also lists some of their works, critiques of them, a chronology and further links.
  • Medieval Sourcebook: Reformation - Features links to primary documents.
  • PBS Faith and Reason: Reformation - Glossary definition: A term covering a number of changes in Western Christianity (Europe) between the 14th and 17th centuries, resulting in the split in Christianity between Roman Catholicism and Protestantism.
  • The Protestant Reformation - An overview of the Reformation, from the early efforts to reform the Church from 1300 to 1500, the conditions for reform at the time, the leaders of the Reformation (Luther, Zwingli, Calvin, Knox)and the Anglican Revolution.
  • The Protestant Reformation - Links to primary Reformation texts. Compiled by the Hanover College History Department
  • The Protestant Reformation Era - Links to excellent pre-reformation, reformation and post-reformation sites.
  • Reformation - On-site picture gallery of the people and places involved in various reform movements coupled with links to Lutheran and Protestant original texts and later writings.
  • The Reformation - An excellent survey by Philip Schaff, covering the principles of the Reformation as well as an overview of the Reformation in Germany, Switzerland, France, the Netherlands, Bohemia, Hungary, Poland, Scandinavia, England and Scotland.
  • Reformation and Counter-Reformation - Article emphasizing effects on architecture and the arts..
  • Reformation Europe - A comprehensive survey, with links to information about precursors of the Reformation, Luther, Calvin, English reformers and the Catholic Reformation.
  • The Reformation Guide - A detailed, well-organized links page.
  • Reformation History Timeline - A detailed timeline with pre-Reformation(before 1515), Reformation(1515-1563) and post-Reformation ( 1564-1689) sections.
  • Reformation Ink - Primary sources and some later references from Luther, plus Calvin, Beza, and other Reformed theologians, and links to other writings and later responses to the 16th-century reforms.
  • Reformation Timeline - List of important dates from pre-reformation times through the Synod of Dort in 1618. A smaller, more specific range of dates may be displayed.
  • Reformers of the 16th Century - A list of links to sites on Reformers of the 16th Century.
  • Theological Perspectives of the Reformation - Traces development, history, and impact of the Reformation and counter-Reformation.
  • What Saith the Scripture: J. A. Wylie - Includes etext of "History of Protestantism, and biographical information.
  • What Started The Protestant Reformation? - An essay on the beginning of the Reformation, concentrating on Luther's reaction to the sale of indulgences and his developing the doctrine of justification by faith.
  • Britannia: Henry VIII - Presents an overview of Henry's life, including the political and personal turmoil. Includes links to further information.
  • Catholic Encyclopedia: Henry VIII - Lengthy article which concentrates on Henry's break with the Church of Rome.
  • Henry VIII - Life and poetic works of Henry, from a site dedicated to renaissance english literature.
  • Henry VIII - High school student's site devoted to the king, his six wives, and three of his children.
  • Henry VIII: Intrigue in the Tudor Court - A free family historical boardgame accurately recreating life in Henry VII's turbluent court.
  • The Henry VIII Page - Information about his life and the people that shaped it, with a focus on his wives. Includes frequently asked questions and links to further information.
  • Who was King Henry VIII? - Overview of life noting abilities in his youth, musical talent, education, cruelties, mature life and deeds, naval support, and family. Includes quiz.
  • Carthage College Reformation Study in Wittenberg - Information about a college study class abroad, now past, but also provides information about Carthage College, Wittenberg and other sites relating to Martin Luther.
  • Change in Luther's Doctrine of the Ministry - Studies the reformer's theological development and understanding of the pastoral office, including its purpose, ecclesiastical oversight, and relationship with the lay priesthood of believers.
  • Internet Encyclopedia of Philosophy: Martin Luther - Article on his relation to philosophy, by David M. Whitford.
  • The Life and Acts of Martin Luther: Part 1 - ASCII e-text of an extended biography and eulogy of the reformer by his associate and friend Philipp Melanchthon. Translated by T. Frazel and prepared by Steve Sohmer.
  • The Life and Acts of Martin Luther: Part 2 - Continuation of Melanchthon eulogy, beginning at the Diet of Worms in 1521. Translated by T. Frazel and prepared by Steve Sohmer in 1996.
  • Life and Times of Martin Luther - Illustrated chronological biography of the reformer, including places where he lived or visited.
  • The Life of Martin Luther - Detailed chronology, with illustrations, of the events, people, places and texts in Luther's life. Integrated links throughout the four-part time line.
  • The Life of Martin Luther: A Chronology - A simple listing of major events, places, and writings in the life of the Wittenberg reformer.
  • Luther Funeral Sermon Project - Facsimile and text of the Bugenhagen homily preached at the death of the reformer.
  • Luther, Martin - Article from the Catholic Encyclopedia.
  • Luther, Martin - Biography, pictures and articles on people and places in his life, articles on related subjects, and links. Hosted by the city of Wittenberg.
  • Luther, Martin - Brief biography emphasizing his musical abilities and his contributions to church music as champion, composer, and arranger. From the Grove Concise Dictionary of Music entry at WQXR radio.
  • Luther, Martin (1483-1546) - Brief biography with links to information about him and his career and to his writings.
  • Luther, Martin (1483-1546) - Hypertext history and biography with information on the people and places in the reformer's life and work.
  • Luther on the Eve of His Revolt - A Catholic criticism of Luther's Lectures on the Epistle to the Romans given at Wittenberg in 1515-1516.
  • Martin Luther - Biographical information, portrait, and links to related sites, lists of works, and other theologians. From Island of Freedom.
  • Martin Luther - Bartleby.com listing with pronunciation, extended biography, related links, and bibliography.
  • Martin Luther - Europe, early life, education, monastery, Rome, professor, indulgence controversy, the 95 theses, debates, literary activity, 3 reformation treatises, condemnation, banished by the state, labors at the Wartburg, against revolt, convents, Lord's table, Zwingli's beliefs, conference at Marburg, and the state church. From a Local Church perspective.
  • Martin Luther - An article on from a Catholic perspective contending that Luther was much more conservative than either his Catholic critics or current Protestants admit.
  • Martin Luther and the Lutheran Reformation - Biographical and historical writings by Pastor Richard Bucher and links to other information, including primary sources, plus six annotated picture galleries
  • Martin Luther Discussion - Forum and live chat devoted to the life and works of the reformer. New thoughts or opinions of his person, actions, and writings and links to other works are solicited and posted.
  • Martin Luther: the Just Shall Live by Faith, not by Works - A unique vessel, a strong stand, a reformer and shepherd, references, and links. From a Local Church perspective.
  • The Musical Reforms of Martin Luther - This article traces the musical reforms of Dr. Martin Luther during the Protestant Reformation and gives insights into the nature of his role as a compiler and composer of music, including his musical reforms of the Mass and his composition of chorales or hymn tunes.
  • Opening the Door to Luther - Includes an illustrated list of important people, places, and dates; sells a video documentary.
  • 95 Theses - An English translation of the theses of Martin Luther.
  • What Started The Protestant Reformation? - Devotional and historical summary of the time from Tetzel's selling of indulgences to Luther's excommunication.
  • Address to the Christian Nobility - Essay from 1520 teaches that all believers are in the spiritual estate, clergy are not the masters of Scripture, and Pope is not master of the Church if he contradicts the Bible.
  • Concerning Christian Liberty - Searchable treatise on his religious beliefs, including free will, with a cogent critique of the Catholic church and prefatory letter to Pope Leo X.
  • Concerning Christian Liberty - R.S. Grignon translation of the essay in HTML. Includes internal search engine.
  • Disputation of Doctor Martin Luther on the Power and Efficacy of Indulgences - Latin with English translation by Spaeth et al. in HTML. Includes internal search engine.
  • The German Mass and Order of Divine Service - The 1911 translation of the 1526 Deutsche Messe with preface from Luther telling why he wrote it, intended use, and various other rites and options for worship.
  • Index Verborum - Searchable database of Luther's German writings from 1516-1525, showing frequency and location of words used in the original texts.
  • Large Catechism - Complete text of the Bente and Dau translation from the Concordia Triglotta. Linked index to five major divisions plus individual Commandments, articles, and petitions. Links to other formats, including RTF.
  • Letter to John Staupitz - English translation of message sent to his Augustinian supervisor concerning the posting and aftermath of the 95 Theses.
  • Letter to the Archbishop of Mainz, 1517 - Entreaty by Martin Luther concerning the sale of indulgences. Shows his stage of theological development through his arguments.
  • Luther and the Biblical Languages - An excerpt from: "To the Councilmen of All Cities in Germany That They Establish and Maintain Christian Schools", 1524.
  • Martin Luther's Sermons - Annotated index and texts of one hundred works from the John Nicholas Lenker 1905 translation of the Church Postil.
  • On the Freedom of a Christian - R.S. Grignon translation (Harvard Classics edition). Available in plain text and HTML.
  • An Open Letter on Translating - Written to his adversaries concerning their comments on his translation of the Bible into German.
  • The Table Talk of Martin Luther - English translation of the reformer's Colloquia Mensalia, or Divine Discourses at his Table by William Hazlitt, from the John Aurifaber collection of 1569.
  • A Treatise on Good Works - In HTML, in chapter sections, at World Wide School. [allows large print viewing even on crippled browsers.]
  • The Smalcald Articles - In HTML, at World Wide School. Each part in its own file, with links to previous and next section, plus table of contents.
  • The Smalcald Articles - In plain text, or as a zip file.
  • The Smalcald Articles (1537) - Reformer's statement prepared for a never-held council of the Catholic Church and later collected in the Lutheran Book of Concord of 1580.
  • Luther   - Official site. Includes trailer in various bandwidths, story line, cast and crew, history and trivia, media center, downloads, theater release information, and store.

  • AboutFilm.com: Luther (2003) - Reviewer Carlo Cavagna notes high points and also suggests changes that he believes would have made this a more emotionally and spiritually powerful film.
  • HARO Online: Luther - Review and pictures.
  • Luther - Detailed examination of the pre-production and shooting of the film interwoven with details of the finished product and examinations of the reasons for the making of the picture.
  • Luther - Movie synopsis, review, trailer, cast and crew, locations, and news and media from Hollywood.com.
  • Luther - Summary of film with cast and crew, background material, and links from Greg's Preview at Yahoo! Movies.
  • Luther - In-depth review and theological analysis of the film from a Lutheran perspective by the Rev. Paul T. McCain for Movie Tome.
  • Luther (2003) - Plot summary and commentary on the film's personal revelations and emotional power from Lights Out Entertainment.
  • Luther (2003) - Reviews from national critics and audiences with movie summary, trailer, news, articles, forum, links, and related material.
  • Luther (2003) - Cast and crew, reviews, summary, viewer comments and discussions, taglines, trailers, showtimes, related material, and links to official and fan sites from the Internet Movie Database (IMDb).
  • Luther (2003): A Hollywood Jesus Movie Review - Includes Quicktime trailer, photographs, cast and crew information, spiritual connections, study resources including youth-oriented comic books, and discussion forum.
  • Luther: A Movie Review by the Filmiliar Cineaste - Plot outline includes critiques of several actors, giving highest marks to Peter Ustinov and Bruno Ganz while showing less regard for the work of Joseph Fiennes and Claire Cox.
  • Luther: Film Portrayal Answers Universal Need for Heroes - Summary and critique of the from the EverythingChristian Search Engine.
  • 'Luther' Not Just For Lutherans - Associated Press story detailing the producers' hopes for a broad-based audience. Summarizes historical background.
  • Luther: Telling the Story of a Man Who Changed the World - Production details from Kodak from the perspectives of director Eric Till, directory of photography Robert Fraisse, gaffer Ronnie Schwarz, and cameraman Kevin Jewison.
  • Production Notes on Luther - Detailed background of the genesis of the film its casting, how it was filmed, and reactions of many of the principals from the Appleton-Neenah-Menasha, Wisconsin Post-Crescent.
  • The Belgic Confession - An e-text version of this confession written by Guido de Bres, a minister of the Reformed Churches of the Netherlands.
  • Calvin and Common Grace - An article written in celebration of the four hundredth anniversary of the birth of John Calvin.
  • Canons of Dordt - Text of this important Reformed church document, written in 1618 and 1619 to settle a controversy with Arminius.
  • De Bres and the Birth of the Belgic Confession - A short biography of Guido de Bres and his work on the great Protestant statement of faith in the Low Countries, published in 1561.
  • The Evangelization and Reformation of Holland - A short history of Christianity in the Netherlands, from the missionary activity in the 7th Century AD to the effects of the Reformation in the 16th century.
  • The History of Protestantism - Book 18 of Wylie's work, covering the history of Protestantism in the Netherlands up to the Synod of Dort in 1618.
  • Philosophy of Revelation - Bavinck's lectures on "The Philosophy of Revelation" delivered at Princeton University in 1908-1909.
  • Reformation in the (Northern) Netherlands - A description of the governmental structure of what is now The Netherlands and the effect of the Calvinistic reformation there.
  • The Synod of Dort - A milestone of the Reformation in which the churches of Holland, Britain, Germany and Switzerland held an ecumenical conference which resulted in their unanimous agreement concerning the doctrines of grace.
  • Theologian of the Word - A biographical article on Dr. Bavinck.
  • Beza's Propositions - Twenty nine propositions by Theodore Beza against the AnaBaptists.
  • Calvin's Other "Son" - Article on Beza and his carrying on of Calvin's ideas and even expanding them.
  • Faith & Justification - Beza - An article by Theodore Beza taken from his book "The Christian Faith" (Confession De Foi Du Chretien), translated into English.
  • The Fall of Man Was Both Necessary and Wonderful - Statements from Beza's "Qu?stionum Et Responsionum Christianarum Libellus" laying out the principle that God willed and predestined the fall of Adam and the existence of sin and evil.
  • Theodore Beza - A detailed history of the life and works of Beza, John Calvin's friend and successor in Geneva.
  • Theodore Beza - An extensive bibliography of this great reformer, with links to some of his works.
  • Farel, Guillaume - A short biography of Farel, beginning with his connection in 1520 with the reformer Lefevre.
  • The French Reformation - Although primarily about the French Reformation, this site has much information about Farel and his ministry in France.
  • Ulrich Zwingli - Catholic Encyclopedia biography of Zwingli, the reformer of the church in Switzerland.
  • Ulrich Zwingli - Brief outline of the life of this reformer and his development of Reformation ideas.
  • Ulrich Zwingli - Biographical sketch of the life of Zwingli.
  • The Canons and Decrees of the Council of Trent - The Council of Trent was widely seen as the time the Catholic church decided to fight back against the reformation - and the Catechism of the Council of Trent was not replaced by the Catholic church until 1992. English translation from the original Latin.
  • The Catholic Reformation - A page of links to people of the movement, works produced, critiques, a chronology and further links.
  • The Council of Trent - Complete texts of many of the canons and decrees
  • The Counter-Reformation - A detailed overview from the Catholic Encyclopedia.
  • Encyclopedia.Com - Catholic Reformation - Article on the 16th-century reform of the Roman Catholic Church, popularly called the Counter Reformation.
  • Jesuit Spirituality - A listing of some resources relating to Jesuit Spirituality including a biography of Ignatius Loyola and a link to the full text of the Spiritual Exercises
  • The strange career of Paisios Ligarides - Article by Philip Longworth in History Today, 1995, about a post-Reformation ecumenism advocate.
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